Timeline: Hale & Hayter Family Tree

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Timeline

1553

1629

1706

1782

1859

1935

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Ann Hepher (1821 - )

Steven Crottall (1553 - 1553)

Louisa Jane Apperson (1823 - 1854)

Henry Clay Taylor (1840 - 1935)

	Date	Event(s)
1	1553	Lady Jane Grey Mary I
2	1558	Elizabeth I
3	1603	James I
4	1625	Charles I
5	1660	Charles II
6	1685	James II
7	1689	William III Mary II
8	1702	Anne
9	1714	George I
10	1721	Sir Robert Walpole (from 1742 as Earl of Orford) [Whig] Regarded as the first Prime Minister in the modern sense; The South Sea Company bubble; criticised for Great Britain's poor performance in the War of Jenkins' Ear.
11	1727	George II
12	1742	The Earl of Wilmington [Whig] Increased tax on spirits; in poor health for much of his time as Prime Minister, the government was led de facto by John Carteret.
13	1743	Henry Pelham [Whig] Reorganisation of the Royal Navy; adoption of the Gregorian Calendar; Marriage Act 1753; helped end the War of the Austrian Succession.
14	1754	The Duke of Newcastle (1st term) [Whig] Led Great Britain into the Seven Years' War with France in North America.
15	1756	The Duke of Devonshire [Whig] The government was largely run by William Pitt the Elder.
16	1757	Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne (2nd term) [Whig] Great Britain gained more influence abroad in the Seven Years' War; the war was largely prosecuted by Pitt the Elder as Secretary of State.
17	1760	George III
18	1762	The Earl of Bute [Tory] Ended the dominance of the Whigs and the Seven Years' War.
19	1763	George Grenville [Whig] Lowered domestic tax at the expense of the colonies; introduced the Stamp Act 1765 (which ultimately led to the American Revolution).
20	1765	The Marquess of Rockingham (1st term) [Whig] Repealed the controversial Stamp Act, inspired by protests in the colonies.
21	1766	The Earl of Chatham, 'William Pitt the Elder' [Whig] The first real Imperialist; credited with the birth of the British Empire; indirectly responsible for the French Revolution (due to Great Britain's defeat of France in Canada).
22	1768	The Duke of Grafton [Whig] Attempted to reconcile with the American colonies.
23	1770	Lord North [Tory] Led Britain into the American Revolution, making a number of tactical errors; the Gordon Riots; resigned after a vote of no confidence.
24	1782	The Marquess of Rockingham (2nd term) [Whig] Acknowledged the independence of the United States; began a process of political reform (however died in office). The Earl of Shelburne [Whig] Planned political reform; secured peace with the United States, France and Spain.
25	1783	The Duke of Portland (1st term) [Whig] Titular head of the Fox-North Coalition. Attempted to reform the British East India Company, but was blocked by George III. William Pitt the Younger (1st term) [Tory] India Act 1784; attempted to remove rotten boroughs; personally opposed to the slave trade; reduced the national debt due to the rebellion in the North American colonies; formed the Triple Alliance; Constitutional Act of 1791; war with France starting in 1793; introduced the first income tax; Act of Union 1800.
26	1801	Henry Addington [Tory] Negotiated the Treaty of Amiens with France in 1802.
27	1804	William Pitt the Younger (2nd term) [Tory] Alliance with Russia, Austria and Sweden against France (Third Coalition); Battle of Trafalgar; Battle of Ulm; Battle of Austerlitz.
28	1806	The Lord Grenville [Whig] Abolition of the slave trade.
29	1807	The Duke of Portland (2nd term) [Tory] Headed a Tory government; was old and ill, leaving the Cabinet to their own devices (largely headed by Spencer Perceval).
30	1809	Spencer Perceval [Tory] Industrial revolution; descent of George III into madness; his administration was notable for the lack of senior statesmen (Perceval also served as the Chancellor of the Exchequer); Peninsular War, part of the Napoleonic Wars; as of 2006, the only Prime Minister to have been assassinated.
31	1812	The Earl of Liverpool [Tory] Oversaw Great Britain's victory in the Napoleonic Wars; the Congress of Vienna; an economic recession in 1817; The War of 1812 (in Britain, the American War of 1812 to 1815); Peterloo Massacre in 1819; the Cato Street Conspiracy to assassinate Liverpool; return to the gold standard in 1819.
32	1820	George IV
33	1827	George Canning [Tory] Died shortly after taking office. The Viscount Goderich [Tory] Lacked support amongst colleagues; resigned.
34	1828	The Duke of Wellington [Tory] Catholic Emancipation Bill (which he fought a duel over).
35	1830	William IV The Earl Grey [Whig] Reform Act 1832; restriction of employment of children; abolition of slavery throughout the British Empire.
36	1834	The Viscount Melbourne (1st term) [Whig] William IV's opposition forced him to resign. Sir Robert Peel (1st term) [Conservative] Unable to form a majority in Parliament so resigned.
37	1835	The Viscount Melbourne (2nd term) [Whig] A father figure to Queen Victoria; Municipal Corporations Act 1835.
38	1837	Victoria
39	1841	Sir Robert Peel (2nd term) [Conservative] Mines Act 1842; Factory Act 1844; repeal of the Corn Laws (triggered by the Irish potato famine);
40	1846	The Lord John Russell (1st term) (afterwards PM as Earl Russell) [Whig] Education Act 1847; Australian Colonies Act 1850; improved the Poor Law.
41	1852	The Earl of Derby (1st term) [Conservative] Government collapsed when his Chancellor's Budget was defeated. The Earl of Aberdeen [Peelite] Entered the country into the Crimean War; resigned due to the formation of an enquiry into the conduct of the war.
42	1855	The Viscount Palmerston (1st term) [Whig] Responded to the Indian mutiny of 1857; introduced the India Bill 1858.
43	1858	The Earl of Derby (2nd term) [Conservative] India Bill 1858, transferring ownership of the East India Company to the Crown; Jews Relief Act, allowing Jews to become MPs.
44	1859	The Viscount Palmerston (2nd term) [Liberal] Between periods in office he founded the Liberal Party; died in office.
45	1865	The Earl Russell (2nd term) (previously PM as Lord John Russell) [Liberal] attempted to introduce a further Reform Bill, but was opposed by his Cabinet.
46	1866	The Earl of Derby (3rd term) [Conservative] Reform Act 1867; considered to be the father of the modern Conservative Party.
47	1868	Benjamin Disraeli (1st term) [Conservative] The UK's first and, as of 2006, only, Prime Minister from Jewish ancestry; dissolved Parliament as the Conservatives did not have a majority. William Ewart Gladstone (1st term) [Liberal] Introduced reforms to the British Army, Civil Service and local government; made peacetime flogging illegal; Ballot Act 1872; failed to prevent the Franco-Prussian War.
48	1874	Benjamin Disraeli (2nd term) (from 1876 as Earl of Beaconsfield) [Conservative] Various reforms including the Climbing Boys Act 1875, the Public Health Act 1875 and the Employers and Workmen Act 1878; Congress of Berlin; breaking up of the League of the Three Emperors.
49	1880	William Ewart Gladstone (2nd term) [Liberal] First Boer War; Irish Coercion Act; Redistribution of Seats Act; failure to rescue General Gordon in Khartoum, Sudan.
50	1885	The Marquess of Salisbury (1st term) [Conservative] Legislation providing for housing the working class.
51	1886	William Ewart Gladstone (3rd term) [Liberal] First introduction of the Home Rule Bill for Ireland, which split the Liberal Party, resulting in the end of Gladstone's government. The Marquess of Salisbury (2nd term) [Conservative] Opposed Irish home rule; Local Government Act 1888; Partition of Africa; Free Education Act 1891; creation of Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe).
52	1892	William Ewart Gladstone (4th term) [Liberal] Reintroduction of the Home Rule Bill, which was passed by the House of Commons but rejected by the House of Lords leading to his resignation.
53	1894	The Earl of Rosebery [Liberal] Imperialist; plans for expanding the Royal Navy caused disagreement within the Liberal Party; resigned following a vote of censure over military supplies.
54	1895	The Marquess of Salisbury (3rd term) [Conservative] Workmen's Compensation Act 1897; Second Boer War.
55	1901	Edward VII
56	1902	Arthur Balfour [Conservative] Had poor relations with Edward VII; his cabinet was split over free trade; establishment of the Committee of Imperial Defence.
57	1905	Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman [Liberal] Restored autonomy to Transvaal and the Orange Free State; Anglo-Russian Entente; first Prime Minister to be referred to as such in Parliamentary legislation.
58	1908	H. H. Asquith [Liberal] The Liberal Welfare Reforms; Parliament Act 1911; National Insurance and pensions; granting of women's suffrage; Home Rule Act 1914; World War I.
59	1910	George V
60	1916	David Lloyd George [Liberal] End of World War I; Paris Peace Conference; attempted to extend conscription to Ireland during the First World War. Formation of the Irish Free State.
61	1922	Andrew Bonar Law [Conservative] Resigned due to ill health; died six months after leaving office.
62	1923	Stanley Baldwin (1st term) [Conservative] Called a general election to gain a mandate for protectionist tariffs but failed to gain a majority; resigned after losing a vote of confidence.
63	1924	Ramsay MacDonald (1st term) [Labour] First Labour prime minister; did not have a majority so could not introduce radical legislation; settled reparations with Germany following World War I. Stanley Baldwin (2nd term) [Conservative] European non-aggression pact; Pensions Act; enfranchisement of women over 21; UK General Strike of 1926.
64	1929	Ramsay MacDonald (2nd term) [Labour] Appointed the first female minister, Margaret Bondfield; economic crises following the Wall Street Crash of 1929.
65	1931	Ramsay MacDonald (3rd term) [National Labour] Unable to retain the support of the Labour Party, MacDonald officially resigned and was then re-appointed to form a National Government with the support of the Conservative and Liberal parties.
66	1935	Stanley Baldwin (3rd term) [Conservative] Managed the abdication crisis of Edward VIII; later criticised for failing to rearm when Adolf Hitler broke Germany's Treaty of Versailles obligations.

Henry Clay Taylor 1840 - 1935

Henry Clay Taylor
1840 - 1935